Abacavir Sulfate

موضوع: Abacavir Sulfate السبت يوليو 31, 2010 1:51 pm

Ziagen
Tablets: 300 mg
Oral solution: 20 mg/mL
Class: Anti-infective, Antiviral
Action Converted by cellular enzymes to carbovir triphosphate, which inhibits HIV-1 transcriptase and interferes with DNA synthesis.
Indications :Treatment of HIV-1 in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
Contraindications: Standard considerations.
: Route/Dosage
Adults: PO 300 mg bid in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Adolescents and Children 3 mo to up to 16 yr: PO 8 mg/kg bid (max dose, 300 mg bid) in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
: Interactions
Ethanol: Increases exposure to abacavir by decreasing the elimination and prolonging the half-life. Methadone: Plasma levels of methadone may be decreased in some patients, reducing the therapeutic effect.
.
: Adverse Reactions
CNS: Insomnia; sleep disorders; headache (children). GI: Nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; loss of appetite; anorexia; pancreatitis. DERMATOLOGIC: Skin rashes (children). METABOLIC: Elevated blood glucose; elevated triglycerides. OTHER:
Hypersensitivity reactions (eg, fever, rash, fatigue, GI symptoms,
malaise, lethargy, myalgia, arthralgia, edema, shortness of breath,
paresthesia, hypotension, death); fever (children).
: Precautions
Pregnancy: Category C. Lactation: Undetermined; however, HIV-infected mothers should not breastfeed infants. Children: Safety and efficacy not established in children under 3 mo. Elderly: Select dose with caution, reflecting greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and comorbidity. Hypersensitivity: Fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been associated with therapy. Lactic acidosis/Severe hepatomegaly with steatosis: Lactic acidosis/severe hepatomegaly with steatosis have been reported.

: Administration/Storage

Store the oral solution at room temperature (68° to 77° F). The solution may be refrigerated but do not freeze.
Administer with or without meals.
Always give in combination with other antiretroviral agents.

: Assessment/Interventions

Obtain patient history, including drug history and any known allergies.
Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity and discontinue use of medicine immediately if signs of hypersensitivity are present.
Monitor for physical signs of
hypersensitivity such as lymphadenopathy, mucous membrane lesions (eg,
conjunctivitis, mouth ulcerations), and rash.
Do not restart therapy following a hypersensitivity reaction.
Discontinue therapy in patients
with signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis hepatic or hepatomegaly or
steatosis (fatty degeneration).
Monitor for elevation of LFTs, increased creatine, phosphokinase, or creatinine, and for decreased lymphocytes.
Monitor for blood glucose and
triglyceride elevation, which may require adjustment in therapy for
some patients such as those with diabetes.
Monitor for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis.

: Patient/Family Education

Tell patient that abacavir tablets and oral solution are for oral ingestion only.
Instruct patient to take abacavir
at the same time each day as prescribed in combination with another
antiviral agent and to not skip a dose, which could increase the viral
load.
Instruct patient to avoid OTC medications, unless prescribed by primary health care provider.
Instruct patient that abacavir is
not a cure for the HIV infection and he/she may continue to develop
opportunistic infections and other complication of the HIV infection,
and to remain under close observation by health care professionals
experienced in the treatment of patients with HIV-associated diseases.
Caution patient that long-term
effects of abacavir and results from controlled-clinical trials
evaluating therapeutic and adverse effects are not known. Therefore,
report any problem to heath care provider.
Warn patient of potential adverse effects and drug/drug interactions.
Instruct patient to notify health
care provider immediately if signs of a rash or a rash accompanied by
fever, blistering, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, swelling, muscle or
joints aches, or general malaise, infection (eg, sore throat, fever,
cough), and respiratory congestion occur.
Warn the patient of potential adverse or toxic effects if taken with alcohol, as alcohol decreases the elimination of the drug.
Inform patient that abacavir has
not been shown to reduce the risk of passing HIV to others through
sexual contact or blood contamination. Encourage patient to abstain or
practice safe sex and not share needles.
Instruct patient in methods and precautions to prevent transmission of the HIV virus.
Caution mothers to discontinue
nursing while receiving abacavir as there is potential for adverse
effect from the drug in nursing infants and well as transmission of the
HIV virus.
Caution women of childbearing age to inform health care provider if planning to become pregnant.
Stress importance of regular exams and laboratory work.
Encourage patient to comply with the treatment regimen and to take exactly as prescribed

موضوع: رد: Abacavir Sulfate السبت يوليو 31, 2010 2:06 pm

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موضوع: رد: Abacavir Sulfate السبت يوليو 31, 2010 2:15 pm

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